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How to recognize a heart attack and what to do

A heart attack (or more accurately, a myocardial infarction) is often a sudden, life-endangering occurrence requiring immediate expert medical assistance. The quicker this can be ar¬ranged and the patient transported to a proper coronary care unit the greater are his chances of recovery. Today, a newer set of medications can even stop a heart attack in its tracks. Timely therapy with antiarrhythmic and other medications, emergency pacemaker implantation, mechanical assist devices and cardiac surgery can make all the difference. Yet, before profes¬sional help arrives, some straightforward first-aid measures can be life-saving.

What is a heart attack?
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Herbal Cure for Heart - Complete Pack
Total Heart Support
Arjuna
Arjun Tea
Arjun Saar
Kumari Saar
Total Price
Divine Remedies Total Heart Support is herbal treatment for High Cholesterol, High Blood Pressure natural remedy, herbal solution for congestive heart failure, blocked coronary arteries, irregular heart beat, blocked circulation in extremeties, Natural Rejuvenation for Your Heart, Natural cleansing for circulatory system Arjun Tea is herbal, natural way to control cholesterol, blood pressure,coronary artery diseases

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Click here to buy Individual herbal products for heart care, heart herbal cure, herbs for heart

What causes the blockage of the coronary artery?

What are the key symptoms of a heart attack?

How is the diagnosis of a heart attack established?

What are the immediate measures to be taken if a person suffers a heart attack?

What if the situation is more critical and the patient's heartbeat and respiration cease?

What are the ABCs of CPR? How does one go about administering it?

What is the next step?

What is a CCU?

What is the main line of treatment followed in the care of heart attack patients?

Has cardiac surgery any role to play?

 

What is a heart attack?   Top  

The heart gets its sustenance from a system of arteries, called the coronaries. Each coronary artery supplies a particu¬lar part of the heart with blood. When any of these arteries gets suddenly blocked and is. unable to convey blood, the corre¬sponding area of the heart, robbed of vital oxygen and nutri¬ents, begins to die. It is this death of a portion of a heart, or more precisely, heart muscles, that constitutes a heart attack or in medical lingo myocardial infarction.

What causes the blockage of the coronary artery?   Top  

This can happen in many ways. Usually, a narrowing of the coronary artery by fat deposits is a common precursor. If a blood clot or a thrombus, or a ruptured fatty plaque, enters such an artery, it may block if off completely. A sudden spasm of a coronary artery can also act similarly.

What are the key symptoms of a heart attack?   Top  

Usually the attack is sudden. One minute the victim is carrying on his usual activities; the next minute he is incapacitated with intense pain which originates in the chest, or sometimes in the upper part of the tummy, from where it often travels to the left shoulder and left arm. The patient feels that his chest is being squeezed, constricted, or crushed. The attack may begin under almost any circumstance: while the person is working in his office, attending a luncheon party, driving a car, resting in a chair, or even while sleeping. It may be triggered by vigorous exercise if one is not used to it, or' a la Bombay's tinsel world, by an emotional crisis. Often the pain is so intense that there is difficulty in breathing. The person feels weak and dizzy, and may pass out. Frequently, he is nauseated and may vomit. He often perspires heavily and his skip. may turn moist and cold. A feeling of impending death may overpower him.

The site and nature of pain is very similiar to angina, and reasonably so, as both situations are caused by reduction in blood supply to the heart. But there are some obvious differnences. As opposed to the pain of angina, an infarct pain increases in intensity until a maximum has been reached. There is neither a let off in the pain with rest, nor a definite excitatory. cause. Once having reached its crescendo, an infarct pain usually persists for half an hour or mote.

The symptoms may also be confused with those of indigestion, particularly' when the pain begins in the the pit of the stomach and is accompanied by nausea. Many instances are recorded where a person has attempted to dismiss his symptoms with a bottle of sodawater, a helping of churan or a digestive preparation, only to know later that he actually had suffered a heart attack.

In some patients the classical symptoms do not appear. Some 15 to 20% of myocardial infarcts are completely painless. Their frequency may actually even be higher than this estimate, because without pain patients are not likely to report to a doctor. Such painless infarcts are more common in patients with diabetes, and their occurrence increases with age. In theelderly, a heart attack may present itself just as a sudden attack of breathlessness. Less commonly, it may appear as sudden loss of consciousness, confused state, sensation of profound weakness, sudden waywardness of heart rhythm, or an unexplained drop in arterial blood pressure.

How is the diagnosis of a heart attack established?   Top  

The most sure way is an electrocardiogram, which shows the. typical changes.
Another way is to estimate certain enzyme levels in the blood. These enzymes (kind of chemicals) are released in large amounts into the circulation from the dying heart muscles affected by the attack. Their time of liberation differs in relation to the occurrence of heart attack. Two of the enzymes, SCOT and CK, rise and fall rapidly and can be of tell-tale value if estimated within the first two days of an infarction. If the diagnosis is missed in the early period, another enzyme (LDH)
levels test can be of diagnostic use. .

Radionclide imaging techniques can be of great help too. They aid in localizing the infarcts and show the actual extent of damage suffered by the heart muscles.

What are the immediate measures to be taken if a person suffers a heart attack?   Top  

A. Statistics show that it is the care received by the patient in the first few minutes which proves to be decisive. As many as 50 per cent of deaths from a heart attack occur within the first two hours of infarction, and a large majority of these are due to potentially reversible changes of electrical instability of the heart, which can promptly be recognised and treated in a well equipped coronary care unit.
So the first thing to do is to call for expert medical assistance. A coronary care ambulance should be called immediately. Make the message urgent and clear, stating that the person is having a heart attack.In towns and cities where facilities for coronary care ambulancedo not exist, it is best to rush the patient to the nearest hospital where a cardiologist is available.When a physician is awaited, make sure that the patient remains absolutely at rest. Prop him up in a half-reclining. position. Loosen his clothing. Open all the windows of the room to allow fresh air inside. If nitroglycerine tablets are available and the patient is conscious, place a tablet under his tongue, or let him crunch it. It may bring relief.

What if the situation is more critical and the patient's heartbeat and respiration cease?   Top  

This calls for more immediate first aid measures. A person at hand or a bystander, knowing the technique of cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR), can still possibly save the situation.

The immediate do' s are:

But do not

What are the ABCs of CPR? How does one go about administering it?   Top  

In CPR, A stands for airway, B is for breathing and C for I circulation. To get them going is the basic aim of CPR.
Begin by ensuring that the patient's airway is open. Lift up his chin with one hand, and with the other tilt his head backwards. This would open up the airway, relieving it of any obstruction caused by the tongue or epiglottis.Next move on to B, that is, breathing. The best way is a mouth-to-mouth respiration. Keep the patient's airway in open position. Pinch his nose and give two full breaths while maintaining an airtight seal with your mouth on his mouth. Look at his chest for simultaneous chest expansion.

Quickly move on to C. Feel for his carotid pulse. It lies in the groove by the side of the Adam's apple. If no pulsation can be felt, begin cardiac massage. For this, locate the notch where the bottom rims of the two halves of the rib cage meet in the middle of the chest. Place the heel of one hand here. Now place your other hand on the top of the first one. Bring your shoulders directly over the patient's breastbone and keeping your arms straight, depress it down a good 4 to 5 cm. Then relax the pressure. But do not remove your hands. Compress again. Keep doing this at a rate of 80 to 100 compressions a minute. After every 15 compressions, give two mouth-to-mouth breaths.

Keep at it, until expert medical assistance arrives. This can be very tiring. It is therefore best to have a minimum of two persons taking part in the activity with another arranging for the immediate services of a doctor. A doctor can revive the patient by pushing medication directly into the victim's heart.

What is the next step?   Top  

It is to transport the patient safely to the hospital. If the patient is conscious, the doctor may give him a shot of morphine to relieve him of pain and anxiety. He may be administered oxygen, medications to prevent irregularities of heart-beat, and whatever other incidental therapy that can be given on the spot.
The patient is then conveyed as quickly as possible to an intensive care unit (ICU), or a coronary care unit (CCU), if one exists, of the nearest large hospital geared to cope with cardiac emergencies.

What is a CCU?   Top  

A coronary care unit is a specially designed nursing unit, equipped to meet all kinds of emergencies in critically sick heart patients. It has a round-the-clock cardiologist, a staff of a highly trained nursing personnel, and a sophisticated monitoring system for the patient. Gadgetry of all kinds-cardiac monitors, defibrillators, respirators, and facilities for introducing pacing catheters and flow-directed balloon-tipped cathe¬ters are available to meet cardiac emergencies.

What is the main line of treatment followed in the care of heart attack patients?   Top  

Therapy revolves around the principles that the damaged heart is rested, the heart is not allowed to go wayward in its rhythm and function, and the damage to the heart muscles is minimized, as much as possible.The workload on the heart is reduced by putting the patient under complete bed rest, sedation, and oxygen tent.

To maintain the heart's rhythm, specific prophylactic medication such as lignocaine is administered, which keeps it from going awry. If arrythmias develop in spite of this, another medication can be given, an emergency pacemaker installed, or if necessary, electroshock can be applied. If the heart's function flounders, appropriate medications are given and if need be, mechanical assistance is provided to the failing heart by intraaortic balloon counter pulsation.

To minimize the damage to the heart a new set of medications has been developed, which goes under the name of thrombolytic therapy. The most popular of these are streptok¬inase and urokinase. Administered within the first few hours following a heart attack, these medications can possibly stop a heart attack in its tracks by dissolving the blood clot blocking the coronary artery. With the blood clot out of the way, the closed coronary artery again opens up. This restores vital blood supply to the part of heart tissue served by the artery and saves it from further damage.

Studies have revealed that when given within the first 24 hours of a heart attack, thrombolytic therapy is helpful in opening up a blocked coronary artery in up to 50% of cases.

This reduces the mortality of heart attacks in the immediate'post-infarction period by 20 to 30%. There is a long-term benefit too. The heart, saved from greater damage, can work that much better. The mortality rate for the first completed year following a heart attack thereby shows a significant decline of 15 to 20%.

But thrombolytic therapy cannot be given to all patients. People with haemophilia or bleeding disorders-those over 70 years of age, those with a history of stroke or any surgery in the immediate past, and those who have been administered the medication before-cannot be given streptokinase. In uncontrolled diabetes, high blood pressure, liver or kidney disease too, streptokinase is contraindicated. But all this is for the doctor to decide.

Has cardiac surgery any role to play?   Top  

Yes, in a few cases. Cardiac surgeons are doing emergency bypass surgeries on patients who are in the evolving phase of myocardial infarction and those who suffer from repeated attacks in quick succession. The death rate of such surgery is about 4%, but it can prove to be life-saving.

Patients who suffer from such complications of acute myocardial infarction as formation of a hole in the heart (VSD), a 1 leaking heart valve (mitral regurgitation), or softening and giving way of a portion of the heart (ventricular aneurysm) require an immediate or delayed corrective heart surgery.

Herbal Cure for Heart - Complete Pack
Total Heart Support
Arjuna
Arjun Tea
Arjun Saar
Kumari Saar
Total Price
Divine Remedies Total Heart Support is herbal treatment for High Cholesterol, High Blood Pressure natural remedy, herbal solution for congestive heart failure, blocked coronary arteries, irregular heart beat, blocked circulation in extremeties, Natural Rejuvenation for Your Heart, Natural cleansing for circulatory system Arjun Tea is herbal, natural way to control cholesterol, blood pressure,coronary artery diseases

Free Shipping and Handling
Worldwide!
No Side Effects!
2 Bottles
1 Bottle
1 Pack
4 Bottles
4 Bottles
$47.90
$ 31.00
$ 14.95
$ 75.80
$ 75.80
$ 274.55
Price after Discount 20%
$ 220.00
Buy This Pack for Just $ 220.00
Free Shipping and Handling Worldwide! No Side Effects!

Click here to buy Individual herbal products for heart care, heart herbal cure, herbs for heart


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